ﭼﻜﻴﺪه.......................... 1

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ................................................................. 2

ﻓﺼﻞ اول: ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎی رادار.......................................... 3

-1-1 ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.................................................... ....................... 4

-2-1 ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎی رادار.................................................................. 4

-3-1 ﻃﺮز ﻛﺎر رادار........................................................ 5

-4-1 ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪی رادار..................................................................... 8

-5-1 ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎی رادار.............................. ............................ 9

ﻓﺼﻞ دوم: رادار ردﮔﻴﺮ و اﻧﻮاع روﺷﻬﺎی ردﮔﻴﺮی.................................................. 10

-1-2 ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ................................................................... 11

-2-2 ﻟﻮﺑﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ............................................................... 13

-3-2 اﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ........................................................... 14

-4-2 روش ردﮔﻴﺮی ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ (ﻟﻮﺑﻴﻨﮓ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن)..................................................... 17

ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮم: روش ردﮔﻴﺮی ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ............................................................ 18

-1-3 ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ...... ........................ 19

-2-3 اﺟﺰای ﻳﻚ رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ.............. ......................... 19

-3-3 ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ و ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ...........................................27

-1-3-3 ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ........................................ ........ ...................... 27

-2-3-3 ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ............................. ........ ...................... 28

-4-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪهﻫﺎی ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ.............................. ......................... 28

-1-4-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪهی دﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ............................29

-2-4-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه اﻧﺪازه ﺧﻄﻲ و ﻓﺎز ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎ. ........................... 30

و

-3-4-3 ﭘﺮدازش ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی I و 30............................. ...... Q

-4-4-3 ﭘﺮدازش ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺎز و اﻧﺪازه ﻟﮕﺎرﻳﺘﻤﻲ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎی s و 31........ .... d

-5-4-3 ﭘﺮدازش ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮب ﻧﻘﻄﻪای ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه 32................. AGC

-6-4-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه 33.....................................jd

-5-3 ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪهﻫﺎی ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ.............................................................. 36

-6-3 ردﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﺮد.................................................. 37

ﻓﺼﻞ ﭼﻬﺎرم: ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل............................................... ₄₁

-1-4 ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ.............................. .................................... 42

-2-4 ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری........................................................... 46

-3-4 ﻃﺮح ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل........................................................................... 48

-4-4 ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻣﺒﺪل آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ ﺑﻪ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل............................................................... 49

-1-4-4 ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ ﺑﻪ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل........................................................... 49

-2-4-4 اﺛﺮات دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﻛﺮدن ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل........................................................... 51

-3-4-4 ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﻴﺖ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ 54............................................... A/D

-4-4-4 ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری...................................................................... 55

-5-4 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری............................................................................................ 57

-1-5-4 ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ....................................................................... 57

-2-5-4 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری از ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل 58........... ................................................ IF

-6-4 آﻣﺎدهﺳﺎزی ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﺑﺮای ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری و ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻬﺎی ﻗﺒﻞ از 60........ A/D

-1-6-4 ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه............. .................................60

62........... ............................................... AGC -2-6-4

-3-6-4 ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺿﺪ آﻟﻴﺎس......................................................... 65

-7-4 آﺷﻜﺎرﺳﺎز. .............................................................. 69

-8-4 ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﮔﺬر دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل............. ................................. 75

ز

-9-4 ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﭘﺮدازﺷﻬﺎی ﺑﺨﺶ زاوﻳﻪ و ﺑﺮد........... .............................................. 80

ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ.................................................................................. 82

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ............................................................................. 84

ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﻤﺎره ﺻﻔﺤﻪ

ﺷﻜﻞ -1-1 اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﺮد در رادار...................................................................... 5

ﺷﻜﻞ -2-1 ﭘﺎﻟﺴﻬﺎی رﻓﺖ و ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ در رادار............................................................ 6

ﺷﻜﻞ -3-1 دﻳﺎﮔﺮام ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻲ رادار.............................................................................. 6

ﺷﻜﻞ -4-1 ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ 8...................................................................................... PPI

ﺷﻜﻞ -1-2 ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻛﺘﺴﺎب ﻫﺪف..................................... 12

ﺷﻜﻞ -2-2 ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺳﺎده ﺷﺪه رادار ردﮔﻴﺮ...................................................... 12

ﺷﻜﻞ -3-2 ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ردﮔﻴﺮی ﻟﻮﺑﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺘﻮاﻟﻲ................................................................ 13

ﺷﻜﻞ -4-2 ردﮔﻴﺮی اﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ........................................................................... 14

ﺷﻜﻞ -5-2 اﻛﻮی درﻳﺎﻓﺘﻲ از ﻫﺪف در رادار اﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ......................................... 15

ﺷﻜﻞ -6-2 دﻳﺎﮔﺮام ﺑﻠﻮﻛﻲ ﻳﻚ رادار اﺳﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ..................................................... 16

ﺷﻜﻞ -1-3 دﻳﺎﮔﺮام ﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ......................................................... 20

ﺷﻜﻞ -2-3 ﻧﻤﺎی ﻓﻴﺪﻫﺎی رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ................................................. 21

ﺷﻜﻞ -3-3 ﻓﻴﺪ ﻳﻚ رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ............................................................................ 21

ﺷﻜﻞ -4-3 ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ اﻧﺮژی ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺪف................ . 22

ﺷﻜﻞ -5-3 ﻧﺤﻮه ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻟﻬﺎی ∑، el و 23........................................................ az

ﺷﻜﻞ -6-3 ﺑﻴﻢ آﻧﺘﻦ رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ.......................................................................... 23

ﺷﻜﻞ -7-3 ﻧﻤﺎد آﻧﺘﻦ رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ......................................................................... 24

ﺷﻜﻞ -8-3 ﻧﻤﻮدار وﻟﺘﺎژ ﺧﻄﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ زاوﻳﻪ اﻧﺤﺮاف............................................... 24

ﺷﻜﻞ -9-3 ﻧﻤﻮدار ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد رادار ﺗﻚﭘﺎﻟﺲ................................................................ 26

ﺷﻜﻞ -10-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه ﺳﺮراﺳﺖ............................................................................. 30

ﺷﻜﻞ -11-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه I و 31........................................... Q

ﺷﻜﻞ -12-3 ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻟﮕﺎرﻳﺘﻤﻲ 31....................................... IF

ﺷﻜﻞ -13-3 ﭘﺮدازش ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻧﺪازه و ﻓﺎز ﻟﮕﺎرﻳﺘﻤﻲ.......................... 32

ﺷﻜﻞ -14-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﺿﺮبﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻘﻄﻪای و 33........................ AGC

ﺷﻜﻞ -15-3 ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه ﺑﻜﺎرﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه 34........................................... s jd

ﺷﻜﻞ -16-3 اﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﺎز s و 34...................................................... d

ﺷﻜﻞ -17-3 ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه دﻗﻴﻖ و ﭘﺮدازﻧﺪه 35........................ s jd

ﺷﻜﻞ -18-3 ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ردﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﺮد...................................................... 38

ﺷﻜﻞ -19-3 آﺷﻜﺎرﺳﺎزی ﺧﻄﺎی ردﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﺮد و ﮔﻴﺘﻬﺎی زود و دﻳﺮ............................. 39

ﺷﻜﻞ -20-3 ردﮔﻴﺮی ﺑﺮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻤﺎرﻧﺪه............................... 40

ﺷﻜﻞ -1-4 ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﻤﺪوس ﻣﻌﻤﻮل رادار.............................................. 46

ﺷﻜﻞ -2-4 ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﻣﻴﺎنﮔﺬر.......................................................................... 47

ﺷﻜﻞ -3-4 ﻃﺮح ﻛﻠﻲ ...................... 49

ﺷﻜﻞ -4-4 ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ 50...................................................................... A/D

ﺷﻜﻞ -5-4 ﻧﻤﻮدار ورودی و ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﻳﻚ 50........................................................ A/D

ﺷﻜﻞ -6-4 ﺧﻄﺎی ﺟﺒﺮانﺳﺎزی.............................................................................. 52

ﺷﻜﻞ -7-4 ﺧﻄﺎی ﺑﻬﺮه........................................................................................ 52

ﺷﻜﻞ -8-4 ﺧﻄﺎی ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﻮدن.......................................................................... 53

ﺷﻜﻞ -9-4 ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﭼﻨﺪیﻛﺮدن........................................................ 53

ﺷﻜﻞ -10-4 ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺗﻮان ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﭼﻨﺪیﻛﺮدن...................................................... 55

ﺷﻜﻞ -11-4 ﺗﻮان ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﭼﻨﺪیﻛﺮدن در دو ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری.................................. 56

ﺷﻜﻞ -12-4 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری....................................................... 57

ﺷﻜﻞ -13-4 ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری ﺷﺪه........................................................... 58

ﺷﻜﻞ -14-4 ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ 58.................................................................... IF

ﺷﻜﻞ -15-4 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری از ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل 59................................................................ IF

ﺷﻜﻞ -16-4 ﻳﻚ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪه....................................................... 61

ﺷﻜﻞ -17-4 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد درﺟﻪ 61.................................................. 3

ﺷﻜﻞ -18-4 ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﭘﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎی ﭼﺒﻲﺷﻒ، ﺑﺎﺗﺮورث و ﺑﺴﻞ......................................... 67

ﺷﻜﻞ -19-4 ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎل ﻣﻴﺎنﮔﺬر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداری ﺷﺪه............................................... 69

ﺷﻜﻞ -20-4 آﺷﻜﺎرﺳﺎز ﻫﻤﺪوس دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل.................................................................. 69

ﺷﻜﻞ -21-4 آﺷﻜﺎرﺳﺎز ﻫﻤﺪوس رادار.................................................................... 70

ﺷﻜﻞ -22-4 آﺷﻜﺎرﺳﺎز ﻫﻤﺪوس دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل.................................................................. 71

ﺷﻜﻞ -23-4 ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ دوﺧﻄﻲ................................................................................... 73

ﺷﻜﻞ -24-4 ﻃﻴﻒ ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ ﺿﺮبﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎ................................................................ 75

ﺷﻜﻞ -25-4 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدی........................................................................ 76

ﺷﻜﻞ -26-4 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ 77....................................................................... CIC

ﺷﻜﻞ -27-4 اﻧﺘﮕﺮالﮔﻴﺮ و ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻧﻪای در ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ 77............................................ CIC

ﺷﻜﻞ -28-4 ﺳﺮی ﻛﺮدن ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎی 78................................................................ CIC

ﺷﻜﻞ -29-4 ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ CIC ﺑﻪ ازای N=3، R=4 و 79................. M=4

ﺷﻜﻞ -30-4 ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزی ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی I و Q ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ............................................ 79

ﺷﻜﻞ -31-4 ﻃﺮح ﻛﻠﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه در ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام از ﺟﻬﺎت ﺳﻤﺖ و ارﺗﻔﺎع........................... 80